Unbounded Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Entrepreneurial ecosystems are often described as local systems rooted in a city or region. My work asks what happens when entrepreneurs build the support they need across several places—combining local relationships with international communities, digital platforms, universities, investors and support organisations.
This research has developed from an early interest in how small firms assemble capabilities and respond to competition towards a broader question: how do knowledge, power, institutions and networks shape entrepreneurial action? A central part of this work is business strategy and policy design for overcoming place-based constraints—helping firms and regions access knowledge, capabilities and connections that are not available locally. I am particularly interested in the conditions under which useful knowledge crosses organisational or geographic boundaries and becomes an opportunity for innovation.
The current direction is increasingly unbounded. Digitalisation, AI and internationally connected communities make it possible for entrepreneurs to configure parts of their own ecosystem rather than simply operate inside a fixed local one. That changes how we think about place, support, inclusion and the policy architecture around entrepreneurship.
Research in this theme
Recent work and earlier foundations, organised around the questions that connect the stream.
Ecosystems beyond place
Work on how entrepreneurial ecosystems connect across places and how knowledge becomes entrepreneurial action.
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2026
The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and innovation: Taking stock and new directions
The Journal of Technology Transfer · DOI: 10.1007/s10961-025-10215-9 ↗
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2025
Five research themes of knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship: An analysis of 30 years of research
International Journal of Management Reviews · DOI: 10.1111/ijmr.70000 ↗
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2024
The dawn of geographically unbounded entrepreneurial ecosystems
Journal of Business Venturing Insights · DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00487 ↗
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2024
Enablers of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship in entrepreneurial ecosystems: Synthesis and future directions
The Journal of Technology Transfer · DOI: 10.1007/s10961-023-10056-4 ↗
Institutions, power and entrepreneurial agency
Research on how institutions enable or constrain entrepreneurship—and why formal support can sometimes produce unexpected effects.
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2023
Power and entrepreneurship
Small Business Economics · DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00660-3 ↗
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2023
Does the entrepreneurial state crowd out entrepreneurship?
Small Business Economics · DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00604-x ↗
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2022
The Vietnamese entrepreneurship paradox: How can entrepreneurs thrive without political and economic freedom?
The Journal of Technology Transfer · DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09873-2 ↗
Capabilities, competition and opportunity development
Earlier work that helped build the foundation for the ecosystem perspective by examining innovation capabilities, rivalry and the social development of opportunities.
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2021
Developing venture opportunities amidst rivalry: Entrepreneurs’ backgrounds and the governing role of maintaining confidence
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development · DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2021.1886332 ↗
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2020
Open to competition? Competitive density and the growth of young New Zealand ventures
Australian Journal of Management · DOI: 10.1177/0312896219883914 ↗
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2016
Assembling capabilities for innovation: Evidence from New Zealand SMEs
International Small Business Journal · DOI: 10.1177/0266242614548931 ↗