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Research brief · Sustainability & Future Competitiveness

Triple Helix Twins and university impact spillovers for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The Journal of Technology Transfer · 2026 DOI: 10.1007/s10961-025-10313-8 ↗

The idea in brief

University–startup collaboration can transfer more than technology. This study finds evidence of impact spillovers: startups collaborating with universities that perform strongly on sustainability adopt a wider range of sustainability goals themselves. The effect is especially pronounced in industries not normally associated with sustainability, suggesting that universities can fill institutional gaps and help diffuse sustainable practices into less obvious parts of the economy.

What the article shows

  • University sustainability performance is positively associated with the number of sustainability goals adopted by startup partners.
  • The relationship is strongest in traditionally non-sustainability-oriented industries, where relevant knowledge and norms may otherwise be weaker.
  • University–startup pairs can operate as “Triple Helix Twins” within broader multi-actor configurations that support sustainability transitions.

Implications for entrepreneurs

  • Choose university partners not only for technical expertise but also for the sustainability capabilities and practices they can transfer.
  • Use collaboration to translate broad Sustainable Development Goals into operational priorities, measures and credible venture practices.
  • Startups in conventional industries may gain particularly strong differentiation and capability benefits from sustainability-oriented partnerships.

Implications for policymakers

  • Fund durable university–startup collaboration and recognise sustainability capability transfer as a legitimate innovation outcome.
  • Target programmes towards conventional industries where universities may compensate for missing sustainability institutions and expertise.
  • Evaluate multi-actor configurations and impact spillovers, rather than assessing universities or startups in isolation.

This plain-language summary was prepared with AI assistance from the published abstract and available article information. The published article is the authoritative source; practical and policy implications are interpretive.